2/28 カナダ高校での英語Poemについていく方法

How to Deal with Poetry in Canadian English Classes   (by Robert McMillan)

If you intend to graduate from high school in Canada, you need to study poetry. It is one of four major areas of study in English classes here (along with essays, descriptive writing and narratives, which our Essay Basics course prepares you for). You must read, analyze and even write poems. And most final exams include a poetry section where students read and analyze poems. This column shows Japanese students how to cope with poetry at schools in Canada.

Canadian students are trained to read poems differently than they do stories. Teachers advise them to read poetry out loud. The sounds of the words and expressions in a poem are important, and when we read one out loud, we can often feel whether the poem is gentle or harsh, hopeful or foreboding, just from the sounds.

Poets, for instance, use soft consonants such as L, M, N, R and S to create a pleasing effect. Below is an example from the poem “Snow” which our students study in the UX English 10 course. In this example, the author likely wants to show the camaraderie of two boys clearing snow together. The “s” consonants make it sound like pleasant work: shovelling side by side in silence

In contrast, poets use hard consonants such as D, G, K, P and T for a harsh effect, to show energy or discordance. Below is an example from Edgar Allen Poe’s poem “The Raven.” Read it out loud and you can hear the “p” and “b” sounds bursting from your mouth: Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door

Teachers here also recommend we read a poem more than once. At first, we read the poem through, without stopping, to understand as much as we can. In subsequent readings, we try to feel the poem. Poems are all about thoughts and feelings, and our thoughts and feelings help us to understand what the poet is trying to say. I recommend non-native speakers look up any words and expressions that they cannot understand during these re-readings.

Second, students here are required to analyze poems through short-answer questions such as:
How does the poet use language and structure?
How did you feel as you read the poem?
What are the poet’s ideas?
How does the poem connect with your personal life?
What do you think the poem is saying?

To answer these, students must be familiar with literary devices such as rhyme, rhythm, alliteration, metaphor, personification, etc. (which they can learn in the UX English 10 course.) Their answers should be about one to three sentences long and can be done in three steps: 1) find an idea from the poem, 2) explain your idea, and 3) use an example. Here is a former Canada Club student’s answer to the question what are the poet’s ideas in the poem “Snow”:

Fortunately, there is no single correct answer for such questions. Teachers are interested in seeing your ideas supported by information from the poem. They are not looking for one specific answer. This can be difficult for Japanese students who are trained to find the answer a teacher is looking for. However, if you find an idea in a poem and explain it using examples from the poem, then you will do well. In that way, these questions can be fun, and we try to help our students develop their creative side in answering them. 

Finally, we often have to write our own poems at schools in Canada. This is tough. But good news – poems do not have to follow the grammar and punctuation rules that essays do if they show a feeling or an idea and make sense. The trick is to put your feelings into words. I scored an A grade in high school for a poem on hemorrhoids, something I had not experienced but was easy to imagine. So, to write poems: 1) allow yourself to feel something, and 2) put that feeling into words using descriptive techniques (adjectives, adverbs, and literary devices). 

In short, poetry is mandatory at schools in Canada, especially if you are aiming for university. It is difficult but doesn’t have to be if approached systematically. We teach poetry in the UX English 10 course course, which is free for all Canada Club students after finishing the first 40 assignments of Essay Basics. Japanese students can learn to analyze and write creative poems based on their own simple feelings, and that is a beautiful thing to see. 

Need help with your poem?